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Conditioned placebo analgesia persists when subjects know they are receiving a placebo

Journal: International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine Date: 2015/12, 18(4):Pages: 315-316. doi: Subito , type of study: comment

Full text    (https://www.journalofosteopathicmedicine.com/article/S1746-0689(15)00109-1/fulltext)

Keywords:

placebo [29]
analgesia [2]
comment [86]

Abstract:

Placebo analgesia is pain relief that follows the administration of a treatment which has no recognized pain relieving properties. A response conditioning program is often used to experimentally induce placebo analgesia, in which surreptitious reductions in painful stimuli are coupled with treatment cues such as a cream or injection. Subsequently, painful stimuli are presented to the subject under placebo and control conditions to evaluate placebo effects. Early studies concluded that placebo analgesia was predicated on an experience of pain relief,1 but it is now widely understood that the process is directly mediated by expectations and only indirectly relies on prior experience.2 Greater levels of expectation result in greater placebo analgesia,3 whereas even the verbal mention of hyperalgesia results in the blocking of placebo effects.4 However, placebo analgesia is greatly enhanced – and made more resistant to extinction – by multiple conditioning sessions,5 leading to the question of whether this form of placebo is reliant on expectation.


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