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Quantifying the Effect of Thoracic Myofascial Release on Muscle Tone, Stiffness, and Elasticity

Journal: Journal of Osteopathic Medicine Date: 2023/12, 123(12):Pages: A66-A67. doi: Subito , type of study: controlled clinical trial

Full text    (https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jom-2023-2000/html)

Keywords:

controlled clinical trial [283]
muscle stiffness [3]
myofascial release [43]
thoracic spine [56]

Abstract:

Statement of Significance: Myofascial release is a core technique of osteopathic manipulative medicine used by osteopathic physicians. While there is plenty of evidence supporting the efficacy of this treatment in relieving pain and increasing mobility, there is no research quantifying the effect of myofascial release on the properties of skeletal muscle tissue using treatment from American osteopathic physicians. Showing an objective difference in tissue parameters pre-post OMT would greatly substantiate the field. Primary: To determine if myofascial release to the thoracic spine alters the physiology of muscle tissue including muscle tone, stiffness, and elasticity in a statistically significant way. Secondary: To determine how much of an impact myofascial release has on the aforementioned tissue parameters as expressed by effect size. Research Methods: 60 participants were placed into the control or treatment group. The control group received 1 minute of silent hands on traps placebo while the control group received 30 seconds of indirect myofascial release followed by 30 seconds of direct myofascial release. Measurements of muscle tone, stiffness, and elasticity were taken immediately pre and post treatment using the MyotonPro device. Measurements were taken at a marked site 2 inches laterally to the T3 vertebra on all participants to assess the perpendicular fibers of the trapezius muscle. Inclusion criteria: Our study population consists of first through fourth-year medical students aged 18+ at Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine It includes all gender and ethnic backgrounds. Exclusion Criteria: Subjects who have a history of musculoskeletal or neurologic conditions who take medications that affect muscle tone or have a body mass index >30 kg/m2 will be excluded. Alterations in muscle tone or excess adipose tissue will skew the measurements of MyotonPRO. Subjects younger than 21 will be excluded. Data Analysis: Data was analyzed in JASP using a paired T test to compare each dependent variable pre-post intervention in the control and treatment groups. There was a statistically significant difference pre-post for all treatment groups including for muscle tone (p=<0.001) with a large effect size (d=0.810), a muscle stiffness (p=0.002) with a moderate effect size (d=0.557), and muscle viscoelasticity (p=<0.001) with a large effect size (d=-0.812). In the control group, there were no statistically significant differences pre-post. Conclusion: Conclusion: 1 minute of myofascial release is very effective in changing the tissue properties of the thoracic musculature, while 1 minute of hands on sham placebo is an effective control resulting in no tissue changes. Limitations: Due to device limitations, this study was not able to assess deep muscles or participants with greater than 20mm of adipose tissue over the target muscle. The demographic of this study was limited to students which may not be representative of different populations. Future Directions: Study of tissue parameters with myotometry to objectively measure the efficacy of other OMM techniques should be taken up to provide more objective evidence to inform practice.


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