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Physical and Simulated Tensegrity Models of the Skull Bones and Fascia using CT Bone-Shape Data

Journal: Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies Date: 2023/03, 33Pages: e58-e59. doi: Subito , type of study: descriptive study

Full text    (https://www.bodyworkmovementtherapies.com/article/S1360-8592(22)00210-8/abstract)

Keywords:

anatomy [104]
descriptive study [69]
models [61]
skull [43]
tensegrity [33]

Abstract:

Introduction/Background Assessing the mechanical response of the skull to physical trauma has long presented a challenge because of the difficulties inherent within current methodologies. Finite-element modelling places an emphasis on the bones and has poorly captured the flexibility provided by the intervening sutures and their fascial connections [1,2]. We describe a recent approach to modelling the mechanics of the skull using CT bone-shape data, CAD and simulation software [1,3] that directly follows from a previous description of the cranial vault as a tensegrity structure [4]. Such modelling has potential applications in concussion research, investigations of fascial force transmission patterns, and research into the mechanisms of cranial osteopathy/cranio-sacral therapy. Methods A high-resolution CT scan dataset of a disarticulated human skull was obtained (slice thickness 0.625 mm) with the acquired data used to reconstruct the individual bones in silico. Physical model: 3D printed replicas (layer thickness 20 μ) were then assembled into a model of the skull using elastic membranes to represent the dural membranes. Digital simulation: The data was also imported into Artisynth – a biomechanical modelling software - where the bones were connected across their respective sutures through the manual placement of tensional links [3,4]. The position and stiffness of each link was found by simulating how the links and bones reach force equilibrium, followed by iterated adjustments to refine the tensegrity configuration [4,5]. Video of simulation: https://youtu.be/J5anwCcFmGs Results Surprisingly, the elastic membranes of the physical model are sufficient to maintain overall integrity with the bony bevels stabilizing the sutures in a way similar to a jigsaw puzzle. In addition, the versatility of the simulated tensegrity model demonstrates that single parameter changes mechanically affected the entire structure, a characteristic similar to living tissues. Conclusion The Artisynth model demonstrates the capability of the software to model complex biomechanics through tensegrity. This adds to a research field that is increasingly recognized for its more thorough descriptions of functional anatomy [5] by working towards a better understanding of the role of fascia during skull development.


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