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Effects of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment on Self-Perceived Stress in First-Year Osteopathic Medical Students

Journal: The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association Date: 2013/08, 113(8):Pages: e2-e3. doi: Subito , type of study: randomized controlled trial

Full text    (https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7556/jaoa.2013.026/html)

Keywords:

medical students [644]
OMT [3746]
osteopathic manipulative treatment [3766]
osteopathic medicine [2016]
randomized controlled trial [889]
stress [109]
USA [1630]

Abstract:

Introduction: Medical students experience high levels of stress in their preclinical training. Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) has been cited as a modality for stress reduction; however, its application in a medical student population has not been evaluated. Hypothesis: It was hypothesized that OMT would provide a reduction of self-perceived stress in first-year osteopathic medical students. Methods: Thirty study participants were de-identified and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: control, osteopathic manipulative treatment, and non-directed treatment (NDT). Study participants with contraindicated medical conditions (eg, recent surgery), or prior exposure to OMT were excluded prior to enrollment. Participants self-reported as single and white, with an age range of 21 to 29 years. Participants in OMT and NDT groups received 20 minutes of therapy once a week for 4 weeks. OMT was a direct treatment focused on treating core stress areas: rib raising, anterior cervical fascia release, sternocleidomastoid inhibition, levator scapulae inhibition, and occipitoatlantal release. NDT was a nondirect treatment focused on noncore stress areas: lower extremity balanced ligamentous tension and unwinding, upper extremity balanced ligamentous tension and unwinding, and pelvic neuromuscular release. Groups rested supine for 10 minutes after treatment. All groups completed electronic Self-Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) questionnaires at weeks 0 (pre), 2 (mid), and 4 (post). Scores of the PSS were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Average PSS scores for the OMT and control groups were reduced between the presurvey and midsurvey: 1.8 and −2.3, respectively (P=.02). There was no significant change in average PSS scores over time for either the OMT or NDT groups (P>.1). The control group showed a significant increase in PSS scores from presurvey to midsurvey (P=.09), but had no significant change in scores over the course of the study. Conclusions: Participants receiving a treatment regimen focused on core somatic dysfunctions demonstrated a decrease in stress from the presurvey to midsurvey when compared with those in the control group, however, no significant trends between OMT and NDT scores were established. Curriculum changes during the study and use of self-employed stress reduction techniques may have influenced the data. Future studies with a larger sample size, broader demographic population, and longer treatment period are warranted.


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